A good question that perhaps goes deeper than we give it credit for. While both Europe and China have emerged from feudal origins, there has been a distinct difference in socio-cultural approaches. As both have pursued dominance throughout history, the West's attitude has been to "make the world England" (with a few notable exceptions), inward-out. God gave the world to Adam and Eve to do with as they please (though he did kick 'em off of his lawn). Perhaps the best example of this, apart from the exportation of British culture along with the British Empire, is the ongoing export of Christianity through colonization. Given the intent of this policy, it's no wonder there is fear about the rise of Islam.
The East, on the other hand, has pursued the concept of "All Under Heaven" - perceiving the space that is and then expanding to fill it. If you look at Eastern religions, there's a stronger connection to the past and to the whole, resulting in a completely different comprehension of time and mankind's place in the world than has developed in the West.
Western anxiety over China is ultimately like being afraid of the dark - we always fear what we don't understand.
The traditional solutions of destroying or assimilating the unknown were never very efficient and have only become harder to implement as military, populace and social complexity have escalated. To really beat your enemy, you need to understand them. When you know yourself and know your enemy, victory is guaranteed. Of course, when you truly understand your enemy, understand them well enough to defeat them, that's when you also love them.
Instead of destroying the beloved, we try to strategically comprehend and exploit the differences between us - which, done correctly, results in mutual gain. There's nothing more strategic than altruism.
The end result is specialized collaboration; which, ultimately, is the trajectory of social evolution.
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